As it employs a light reflection system of projected light through fiber optics, the projected light is reflected back through the same probe and converted into electrical pulses. The volume of light varies in accordance with the distance between the reflecting surface and the end of the fiber, as seen in the drawing C. Thus,it can offer unique yet stable displacement output characteristics depending upon the particular probe being used. Each probe has these characteristics for its linear range known as "front slope" and "back slope" as well as a portion called "optical peak". The front slope is most suitable for measuring sub-micron level displacements with high sensitivity, and the back slope is used when measuring relatively large displacements. The optical peak is used when detecting surface conditions including defects of a sample while ignoring a certain level of displacement. Furthermore, use of a low 'F' number and high-resolution objective lens to focus an image also enable it to be applied to position sensing, distance measuring, etc.